Welcome to Week Thirteen of the A-Z of Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages!
This week's language of the week is Saibai, one of the languages of the Torres Strait. Saibai is also known as Saibaigal, while Saibailgaw refers to the people of Saibai, a Top Western island of the Torres Strait. Saibai, Dauan and Malu Ki'ai make up the Top Western group of islands and speak varieties of Kalaw Kawaw Ya which is considered to be a dialect of Kala Lagaw Ya.
Language groups of the Torres Strait.
The above map is from the Torres Strait Traditional Languages Centre website and shows the location and rich diversity of the languages of the Torres Strait. Kala Kawaw Ya, including Saibai, is considered severely endangered. Austlang, the Australian Languages Database established by AIATSIS, indicates that there were ~950 Kala Kawaw Ya speakers according to 2016 Census figures. These speakers are located in the Torres Strait, Northern Peninsula Area (NPA) and mainland centres, notably Cairns and Brisbane.
Comparative wordlist showing Saibai language, Cambridge Expedition,Vol 3. Linguistics (1898).
Languages of the Torres Strait have been documented since the 1830's with many historical sources found in the State Library Collections. Early wordlists were collected by ship's crew, notably HMS Fly and HMS Rattlesnake which were undertaking maritime surveys in the Torres Strait in the 1840's. The Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits in 1898 recorded traditional knowledge, including language - the above image is from Cambridge Reports Volume 3 Linguistics and is an extract of a comparative table of Torres Strait Islander languages, including Saibai.
Language revival and maintenance efforts in the Torres Strait include school programs at Tagai State College. Communities are supported by the recently established Torres Strait Traditional Languages Centre which has several videos on Kalaw Kawaw Ya. State Library's recent Spoken exhibition featured a digital story on mainland groups including Saibaigaw who are passionate in maintaining their language.
Join State Library for next week's Language of the Week - Teppathiggi from Western Cape York!
Desmond Crump
Indigenous Languages Coordinator, State Library of Queensland
State Library of Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages Webpages
State Library of Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages Map
Spoken: Celebrating Queensland languages exhibition
Jarjum Stories exhibition
Minya Birran: What next for Indigenous Languages?
Additional material for this blog post was drawn from the Torres Strait Traditional Languages Centre which has been established to support the vision of Torres Strait Islanders:
Our people speak and use our traditional languages on a daily basis for our culture, our well-being and our spirit.
Images
Cover image: 'The moon watching Aukam of Saibai as she weaves a mat', Kala Waia. Margaret Lawrie Collection Accession number: TR 1791/333
Comparative wordlist from Haddon, A. C, (1898) Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits. RBQ 994.38 CAM
Language groups of the Torres Strait. Sourced from Torres Strait Traditional Languages Centre website.
References and Further Reading
State Library collections have some material relating to Saibai and Kala Kawaw Ya language; such items are usually part of generic language materials from the Torres Strait, particularly Kala Lagaw Ya.
Davies, A. Notes 1924-1925. OM66-02/3
Edwards, R. Some songs from the Torres Strait. Q 782.5162 SOM
Edwards, R. (ed) Dictionary of Torres Strait languages. Q 499.1503 RAY
Eseli, P. Eseli's Notebook. S 306.089 001
Ford, K. Ober, D. “A sketch of Kalaw Kawaw Ya”. In Language in Australia, ed. Romaine, S. 118-142. G 409.94 1991
Haddon, A. C, (1898) Reports of the Cambridge Anthropological Expedition to Torres Straits. RBQ 994.38 CAM
Holmer, N. Notes on Some Queensland Languages. J 499.15 HOL
Jukes, J. Narrative of the surveying voyage of the HMS Fly. J 919.43 JUK
Lawrie, M. Myths and legends of the Torres Strait. Q 398.2099438 MYT
Lawrie, M. The Margaret Lawrie Collection of Torres Straits Materials. TR2082
MacGillivray, J. Narrative of the Voyage of the HMS Rattlesnake. G 994.02 1967
Mosby, L. Stephens, N and Teske, T. D is for dari : a Torres Strait picture dictionary. P 994.38 MOS
Pegrum, N, Kepa, W. and Neuenfeldt, K. (2012) Saibailgaw Nangu Wakayl (songs and voices of Saibai people) music and dance from Saibai Island Torres Strait. HCD VOC SAI 923
Ray, S. Dictionary of Torres Strait Languages. Q 499.1503 RAY
6341 Dr Wilhelm Rechnitz Papers
Scragg, S. Retold: A retelling of stories and songs from Myths and Legends of the Torres Strait by Margaret Lawrie. DVD 27464
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